GVIER (Deep High-Resolution Impulse Electrical Exploration) is a contactless pulsed electrical exploration technology based on ground-penetrating radar modifications, using ultra-wideband electromagnetic signal in the 1-1000 MHz range and resistively loaded dipole antennas for subsurface probing. Depending on the tasks and required depth, antennas of various lengths are used.

The technology is based on the physical phenomenon of electromagnetic wave reflection from subsurface boundaries of media with different geoelectric parameters. Information about the structure of the probed geological space is obtained from the following data: the time interval between the electromagnetic pulse generation by the transmitter and the registration of its reflections from subsurface media boundaries by the receiving device, as well as the amplitude, shape and polarity of the reflected signal. These parameters closely correlate with the physical properties of geological structures: density, porosity, moisture and others. Surveys are conducted along profiles by continuous profiling or with a specified step between points from 10 cm. GPS devices are used to position the surveyed profiles on the ground.

The signal source generator has the ability to adjust power for research at various depths and generates a nanosecond pulse (unipolar pulse without high-frequency filling) with a steep leading edge. The steep leading edge of the pulse and its large amplitude determine the high resolution of the technology, high penetration depth and the ability to work in low-resistivity media - water-saturated soils, clays and loams.

The result of the research is a geoelectric section (radarogram), converted to a depth scale. The conversion is carried out based on field calibration results and correlation to existing geological boreholes and archival engineering-geological survey data. The results of pulse electrical exploration can be compared with seismic and classical electrical exploration results.